インドにおける「循環的存在論」の形成
——祭祀思想から哲学への発展を中心に（2024年度）
Evolution of the Indian Ontology in the Cyclic Image:
Focusing around the Development Process from Ritualistic Thoughts to Philosophical Views
班長：手嶋 英貴
Coordinator: TESHIMA, Hideki
共同研究拠点＞共同研究一覧（2024年度）A,B へ
共同研究拠点＞共同研究一覧（2024年度）A,B,C へ
紀元前以来、インドでは「人間などの個体存在が死と再生を繰り返す」あるいは「世界が消滅と再生を繰り返す」といった存在理解の方法が発展してきた。とくにインドの「人間観」を代表するものとして、業の理論と結びついた輪廻説がつとに知られ、またインドの「世界観」を代表するものとして世界の反復的な生滅を説くユガ説が有名である。これに類する存在理解の方法はインド発祥の諸宗教の間に広く流布し、ヒンドゥー教や仏教の伝播によってインド以東のアジア地域にも大きな文化的影響を及ぼした。そうしたインドに特有の人間観や世界観の基礎には、存在の様態を「循環的なイメージ」で捉えようとする共通の思考様式がみられる。しかし従来の学界では人間観と世界観とを個別に研究することが多く、それらの共通基盤に目を向けることが少なかった。
本研究はこの共通基盤的思考を「循環的存在論」と名づけ、その発生・展開のプロセスを明らかにしようとするものである。
Since the first millennium BCE, Indian people have developed viewpoints for understanding how the world and living things exist, especially involving a cyclic image, such as viewpoints that “the world repeats its emersion and destruction forever” or that “all living things are in a continual cycle of birth and death.” From those, they have yielded the methodology of “reincarnation” based upon the notion of karmic retribution, as well as that of “cosmological cycle of four Yugas” apparently inspired by periodicity of the natural world. The former is the representative methodology regarding living (including human) beings, and the latter concerning the world which encompasses the lives. Cognate thoughts about the way of existence were spread to many Asian countries/regions by dissemination of Buddhism and Hinduism which functioned as conveyors of Indian thoughts, and, subsequently, culture and society of each countries/regions including Japan were deeply influenced by them. The “cyclic image” upon which the thoughts in question are commonly based, however, has been paid little attention by scholars, because of the tendency that they explore both the methodologies, of existence of living things and that of the world, separately.
In this research project, we attempt to clarify what was the process of emersion and evolution of the “Indian ontology in the cyclic image,” in which both the types of methodology are meaningfully integrated and related to each other. This research will provide fresh insights into the socio-cultural basis common among South, East, and Southeast Asian countries/regions.
研究期間：2022年4月～2025年3月
Research period: Apr.2022 – Mar.2025
2022年07月18日 更新
Last updated on July 18, 2024